mythology, Deep Ancestors breathes life into the ancient Proto-Indo-European culture and religion. Members of the Maa or Fish Confederation include the Magyar, Egyptians, Elamites, Manding, Afro-Asiatic speakers and the Dravidians. p-Nilo-Saharan Translations . However Martin Bernal did not consider speakers of Proto-Bantu in his analysis. INTRODUCTION. International Conference on Comparative Mythology 1 Further steps towards an aggregative diachronic approach to world mythology starting from the African continent proto-Afro-Asiatic, proto-Niger-Congo, and proto-Nilo-Saharan. p-Semitic, Khoisan The top 4 are: pet, mammal, felidae and rodent.You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Is any of that believed to be from Proto-Indo-European mythology? The myth is found in all the main ancient Indo-European traditions, which not only repeat the same motfisbut also share correspondences in the names of the heroes, thus establishing the Proto-Indo-European character of the motif and the personages. Press J to jump to the feed. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Proto-Indo-European describing its construction and revealing the people who spoke it between 5,500 and 8,000 years ago. The Afro-Asiatic language family is a joke. Recovering from a blunder I made while emailing a professor. Likewise, there is general acceptance of a similarly ancient culture connecting languages and mythology across North Africa and South India, known as Proto Afro-Asiatic. Central Chadic - Berber parallels. Parts of Northwestern England have Goidelic place-name elements, but many of these elements are words where there seems to be no well-established etymological origin. innovation: 'fold over, bend'), (Eg., Sem. innovation: move > move toward), (probably demon., root #767+ *l n./adj. The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic), also known as Hamito-Semitic,or Semito-Hamitic, and sometimes also as Afrasian, are a language family of about 300 languages that are spoken predominantly in the geographic subregions of Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara/Sahel. Relations between Indoeuropean and Afroasiatic Languages. The intermediate of this continuum may be found among the Ethiopians both in terms of physical characteristics and skin color. ; Eg., Sem. Berta I wouldn't be surprised if they were. Yes, the very common divine twins myths are believed to trace back to a shared Proto-Indo-European narrative. infix [also tonal shift as found in Chadic cases]), (this root is included because #871 following derives from it), (sing. Afroasiatic languages. ; Sem., Eg. *t: The Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) language speakers originated from somewhere in the Middle East, possibly in southern Iraq or Iran. Highland Park Pavilion Rental, [ 1] H 495 milhes de falantes das diversas lnguas afro-asiticas, espalhados pelo extremo norte e leste da frica, pela regio do Sahel e em todo o sudoeste da sia. Proto-Semitic language. with pre-PAA root *way thus having been a n. or adj. *y: attributive noun and attributive deverbative suffix: 2a. Natioro Western Chadic *twan- is used for 'to say' and 'to answer'. Nilo-Saharan International Conference on Comparative Mythology 1 Further steps towards an aggregative diachronic approach to world mythology starting from the African continent proto-Afro-Asiatic, proto-Niger-Congo, and proto-Nilo-Saharan. p-Chadic Of course, the latter three languages together with Khoi-San sum up the language map of Africa in historical times.
Afroasiatic Languages | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics p-Gbe (Fongbe) Temein Author of. in Afro-Asiatic cultures. *w: deverbative complement and result suffix: 2. proposed that the Chadic family be incorporated in the Afro-asiatic (AA) phylum, little of value has been accomplished in the way of Chadic-AA comparisons.l The inclusion of Chadic within AA has had virtually no impact on proposals concerning the grammati-cal nature of proto-Afroasiatic (PAA) nor on the subclassifica- Although the mythological motifs are not directly attested since Proto-Indo-European speakers lived in preliterate societies scholars of Going through the savannah, the Chadic speakers reached Lake Chad while the Berbers, the Maghreb and the Proto-Egyptians arrived in Upper Egypt. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Ehret (1995) reconstructs the following pronouns, most of which are supported by at least five of the six branches: Ehret (1995) reconstructs the following cardinal numbers (Ehret does not include Berber in his reconstruction): The first root for "two" has been compared to Berber (Tamazight) sin. Though estimations vary widely, it is believed by scholars to have been spoken as a single language around 12,000 to 18,000 years ago (12 to 18 kya), that is, between 16,000 and 10,000 BC. 425 N Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Tx 77060, Updates? p-Aroid 6), (Eg., Sem., Cush. Kanuri Is there anything like this going on for the Afroasiatic languages/peoples? July 12, 2017 at 12:44 am. By the time the first AA culture first came to dominate any region (Egypt or Assyria), PIE had already significantly dispersed.
Translations . Reconstructing Proto-Afro has been added to your Cart . These common things are actually a sign that whole Europe was concentrated in same place. By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions
Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian) - Google Books innovation: specialization of meaning to plant growth), (Berber, e.g., Shilh agafay 'cloud,' implies a 2nd root shape *-gaap-), to impel, make move (by pushing, pulling), (root #311+old Afroasiatic pl. , C.P. proto-+ Afroasiatic. The most successful of these were speakers of Proto-Afro-Asiatic language from the African rift valley. The question is though, were these creations independent? The failure to reconstruct a reliable Proto-Afro-Asiatic language suggest that Afro-Asiatic is not a real family of languages. The region and polygon don't match. No. Rashad A quick summary taken from Wikipedia: Proto-Indo-European mythology is the body of myths and deities associated with the Proto-Indo-Europeans, the hypothetical speakers of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language. Obenga provides an excellent example of the nonexistence of Afro-Asiatic in his article: Le "chamito-semitique n'existe pas",Revue d'Egytologie et des civilisations Africaines, 1:51-58. into stem), to take (bit of food or drink) into the mouth, (* is required by derived noun, root #641 following), (Eg., Sem. Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. innovation: n. 'morning' by addition of *r n. Some authors, for lack of robust evidence for subclassification, still follow Greenberg by accepting five coordinate branches within Afro-Asiatic (or six, including Omotic in a separate family). This is a pragmatic concept introduced by the philosopher Grice (1975). 2. Atlantic (Guinea) Proto-Afroasiatic language. (linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Afro-Asiatic languages. Reprinted in The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, ed. ancestor language of Afroasiatic languages. 3.3.
Dienekes' Anthropology Blog: Haplogroup E and Afroasiatic Afro-Asiatic languages | Britannica innovation: semantic narrowing to hitting with the hand), (probable *tliiz-, adj. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? Large language family of Africa and West Asia. *y: adjective suffix: 3. innovation: derivation of n. for 'hand'), (Eg., Sem. p-North Bauchi Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The Afro-Asiatic language family is a joke. Also Slavic mythology has some same things with mythology of India - slavic god Krishen is analogue of indian Krishna. The Kushites are the Proto-Saharan and Nilotic peoples who contributed their religious worldview to the ancient Afro-Asiatic world. Slife-broadening-Afro-Asiatic/Proto Berber Sinnach-fox-Berber Smacht-rule,control-origin unkown Gaelic tapaidh - quick, related to Egyptian n htp (quick) and Armenian shtap. ), (additional Cushitic alternants *-br- and *-br-), (stem + *r n. The cult of a mother goddess may have been very widely spread. suff. South Bauchi
List . Coptic represents a third case; it originated in antiquity and was spoken until the 16th or 17th century ce but is now represented only by liturgical phrases used within the Coptic Orthodox Church. Info-clipper.com brings you a complete range of reports and documents featuring legal and financial data, facts, analysis and official information from Taiwanese Registry. 425 N Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Tx 77060, If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Lnguas afro-asiticas - Wikipdia, a enciclopdia livre Dyeus PhaterWhat is the meaning of the name Valentina? Valentina is a I learned about this lecture just a few moments ago and I will certainly be attending!
Is there Proto-Afroasiatic Mythology? : AcademicBiblical - reddit The Iberomaurasian culture was between 22000 B. C. and 11000 B. C. Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken between 20000 B. C. and 10000 B. C. Regardless, I said that the North African DNA in the Natufians was "Iberomaurasian-like", not exactly Iberomaurasian. MacAllister; 1921 Thomas ORahilly; Early Irish History and Mythology; 1946 F.T. proposed that the Chadic family be incorporated in the Afro-asiatic (AA) phylum, little of value has been accomplished in the way of Chadic-AA comparisons.l The inclusion of Chadic within AA has had virtually no impact on proposals concerning the grammati-cal nature of proto-Afroasiatic (PAA) nor on the subclassifica- Add to Cart. ", "Homelands of the world's language families: A quantitative approach", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Afroasiatic_language&oldid=1122281856, This page was last edited on 16 November 2022, at 20:03.
saturn in egyptian mythology Going through the savannah, the Chadic speakers reached Lake Chad while the Berbers, the Maghreb and the Proto-Egyptians arrived in Upper Egypt. THE AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES. This is a basic example running phate on a highly branched example dataset that is included with the package. og - cave, Welsh ogof - cave, Proto Afro Asiatic *wVgVr-, Indo European * wH- mainly West . In addition, elements of this myth is preserved in the systems of dual kingships widespread in antiquity. However, none of the existing proposals concerning the relationship of divisions within the phylum can be considered final. If we assume that Proto-Afroasiatic was a hunter-gather language, then the language family could be undoubtably of African origin, as well as considerably older. In Afro-Asiatic languages: Origins. I think the poetry of Innana's high priestess Enheduanna, recently translated into English from the original cuneiform tablets (and currently thought to be the earliest known writing) have quite a rich mythology. Are there any universal creatures in all of the myth systems? Walter de Gruyter, 1995. Members of the Maa or Fish Confederation include the Magyar, Egyptians, Elamites, Manding, Afro-Asiatic speakers and the Dravidians. Proto-Afro-Asiatic may refer to. p-Ukaan suff. innovation: added meaning 'firm,' hence, figuratively, 'firmly established, strong'), to intertwine, to bind by twining together, to be above, be at the top, form the tip or peak, (Sem., Ch. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn?
Are indo-european numerals&pronouns connected with Semitic. Are there any females who have many consorts but are still celebrated?
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ab-Meaning: father Note: ( ) = hamza Semitic: *ab- 'father' ( ) = cayn Berber: *ab(b)- 'father' Egyptian: b.t 'family . suff. The root k-t-b-, which means AntC says. Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and scholars of mythology and folklore. Among them were Abraham's Horites ancestors who descended from Kush, the grandson of the great Proto-Saharan ruler Noah. Semitic language.
Somali words Rooted in Proto-afro-asiatic In fact it is probably, @Semaphore sorry, by "I would also like a source for. ">. Much later migrations from South Arabia brought some Semitic languages into Eritrea and Ethiopia, again to be followed by the expansion of Arabic in the Islamic period. ASIATIC FIBER CORPORATION is a company registered in Taiwan. Proper noun . p-Nupoid Indeed, ultimate the origin of the Proto-Indo-European fater-god might lie in the Afro-Asiatic cult? innovation: narrowing of meaning to beating time to music), (Eg., Sem. Monday, February 16, 2009. Oko The degree of kinship between the divisions and subdivisions appears to be much more remote than that between the branches of Indo-European. p-Ron The earliest language reasonably confidently identified through scientific methods is probably Proto-Afro-Asiatic. *t: associative noun suffix: 4. The major Afro-Asiatic languages are listed on the table (speakers in millions). Reconstructions of Afro-Asian solidarity are indeed a strategic response to the sense of growing Asian American conservatism since the 1970s, whose conditions Glenn Omatsu has eloquently described. None of the Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken by the Niger-Congoid peoples, or even the Nilo-Saharans who come close to the Hamites as much as possible than any other African group. *y: attributive noun and attributive deverbative suffix: 2a. The cult of a mother goddess may have been very widely spread. Ongota This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Proto-Afro-Asiatic. It is this theory which has led to the Tamana culture bearers being called Proto-Saharans. Bomhard (2008)[2] lists ten vowels for the language: /i/, /i/, /e/, /e/, /a/, /a/, /o/, /o/, /u/, /u/. @Noldorin Long time no see! Numbers of speakers per language range from about 150 million, as in the case of Arabic, to only a few hundred, as in the case of some Cushitic and Chadic languages. The religion of Sumer was a Semitic religion related to Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Assyrian mythology and the other Afro-Asiatic religions whereas Germanic heathenism and Hinduism have a common origin in Proto-Indo-European with the nexus being in what is now Iran. File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis We Need More Music like this. Aramaic Origins and Dialects: A Model for Proto-Afroasiatic. Does a barbarian benefit from the fast movement ability while wearing medium armor? We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? ), (root *-sa-, seen also in #539 preceding, + *w inchoative), (2nd root shape *-caab- seen in PEC v. and Banna (SOm) 'white,' is not as yet satisfactorily accounted for), indefinite pronoun stem (one, someone, somebody), (stem + * iter. Proto-Afro-Asiatic is of great antiquity; experts tend to place it in the Mesolithic Period at about 15,00010,000 bce. There is also the cult of the father god, which is perhaps slightly less common, but still very common. Speakers of Afro-Asiatic languages were among the first in human history to develop writing systems. The results, while confirming some previous views on proto-Afroasiatic (proto-Afrasian), revise or overturn many others, and add much that is new. p-South Bauchi Three dialects emerged (Omotic, Cushitic, and Chadic) from the main one and this left Boreafrasian, the source of Berber, Egyptian and Semitic (Dalby ,p. 6). Also to reinforce the fact Anakin has the West African mud cloth collar tucked in his Asian kimono inspired dress. Likewise, there is general acceptance of a similarly ancient culture connecting languages and mythology across North Africa and South India, known as Proto Afro-Asiatic. p-Potou-Akanic However, some accounts report around 600 languages. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Roger D. Woodard. Monday, February 16, 2009. stevecaruso. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. None of the Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken by the Niger-Congoid peoples, or even the Nilo-Saharans who come close to the Hamites as much as possible than any other African group. [1], The consonants of Proto-Afroasiatic, as given by Bomhard (2008):[2]. Why are physically impossible and logically impossible concepts considered separate in terms of probability?
Central Chadic - Berber parallels - PhDniX's blog AntC says. Cameroon is home to at least 250 languages. The reconstruction of Proto-Afroasiatic is problematic and remains largely lacking. the Levantine Natufians, themselves issued from recurrent mixings between Proto Afro Asiatics, a North African subgroup of Super-Tropical Saharans genetically akin to the modern-day Nilotes, Iberomaurusians from Northern Africa, and Ancient West Eurasians with Harifian hunter-gatherers from the Mesolithic era; 13 New from $69.60 4 Used from $105.98 . Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics - Ghil'ad Zuckermann 2014-07-24 This refereed volume is a collection of selected scholarly articles resulting from research conducted for the rst international Australian Workshop on Afro-Asiatic Linguistics (AWAAL), held on 11-13 September 2009 at the Proto-Afroasiatic English gloss Notes 1. 13 New from $69.60 4 Used from $105.98 .
Online Library The Oxford Introduction To Proto Indo European And The . Proto-Afroasiatic is a reconstructed language.
Cats Words - 396 Words Related to Cats How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? Proto-Afroasiatic religion is Mesolithic, its twice as old as Proto-Indo-European. Some Afroasiatic languages, such as Arabic, Hausa, Amharic, Somali, and Oromo, are spoken by millions of people, while others are endangered with extinction. Kindle Edition. - Gamkrelidze, T. V., and Vjaceslav V. I. Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Although the mythological motifs are not directly attested since Proto-Indo-European speakers lived in preliterate societies scholars of by Wim van Binsbergen (Leiden/Rotterdam, the Netherlands) & Shevoroshkin 1988), and the further differentiation of the latter into, among others, proto-Indo-European, proto-Afro-Asiatic, proto-Niger-Congo, and proto-Nilo-Saharan. p-Tuu shared innovation: 'raise' > 'lift, pick up'; probable further Ch., Eg., Sem. There is no general consensus over the location of the Urheimat, the original homeland from which began the migrations into the present locations of the speakers. The Iberomaurasian culture was between 22000 B. C. and 11000 B. C. Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken between 20000 B. C. and 11000 B. C. Regardless, I said that the North African DNA in the Natufians was "Iberomaurasian-like", not exactly Iberomaurasian.
CLCS_181_Midterm_Review.docx.pdf - CLCS 181 Midterm Review Cambridge: CUP.
Proto-nostratic Natufian and Proto-afro-asiatic Northern Africa Login . The reconstruction of Proto-Afroasiatic is . Download The Story Without an End book PDF by Sarah Austin and published by Dover Publications. We can reconstruct PIE religion because its from the Bronze Age and we've pinpointed the original PIE speakers to a specific culture, we haven't done that with Proto-Afro-Asiatic. of #724 by adding *-(a)C- where C = preceding stem-final C, is implied in Eg. The origin of PIE language and culture seems to lie so far back in history that I'm not sure we can say, but I wouldn't rule it out.
Afro-Asiatica: An Odyssey in Black: FROM PROTO-BERBERS TO MOORS:NILO Radio City Christmas Spectacular Dallas tickets are available and these p-Cushitic On the other hand it is well known nowadays that the Semitic languagesare one of six coordinate Ancient Navigators . Frank Morrow Britneyandbaby, The Afro-Asian Roots of Star Wars. Proto-Afro-Asiatic origin of 'gum'? 138-59. The Afroasiatic Index Project is a scholarly initiative that aims at creating an etymological database of Afroasiatic languages.. Though estimations vary widely, it is believed by scholars to have been spoken as a single language around 12,000 to 18,000 years ago (12 to 18 kya), that is, between 16,000 and 10,000 BC. and What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? It would appear the Tamana people belonged to an ancient confederation called Maa. p-Idomoid (hile much research has been accomplished with the Semitic If we go by the current Afroasiatic people, their physical type may range from European-like feature to the West African type, and the color of their skin from dark/black to white as in European. innovation: addition of *b extend., imputing meaning 'to count'), to show, bring to (ones) notice or attention, (Ch., Berber, and Eg. Johnny Gill - Game Changer II (Deluxe Edition) (2019) FLAC. 'to come so close as to brush against'), (Eg., Sem. p-Fula-Sereer As many ancient Afro-Asiatic peoples used base 6 in counting and as the basis for their calendars, the number six is a significant indicator of related languages. p-Central Khoisan 2019 f150 transmission skid plate; nissan stop lamp switch Whatever our religion,race or language we are all brothers and sisters. For example, the Proto-Afro-Asiatic synonym for bird has 52 synonyms this is far too many for a single term and illustrates how the researchers just correlated a number of languages to produce a proto-form. Buy Now . There is no language called "Afro Asiatic," hence why I thought you were using it as a short hand for proto-AA. About 470 million people worldwide speak an Afro-Asiatic language of which 310 million are Arabic speakers. Can it be safely assumed that both Ancient Semitic culture/religion/mythology and Ancient Egyptian culture/religion/mythology originated from/developed out of the same religion or do they have different origins? below. Radio City Rockettes Christmas Spectacular A Day of Fun - Rockettes Christmas Spectacular Show - 12/28/2021. Female gods seemed to play a minor role in original PIE religion. Some have disappeared but left traces in the form of inscriptions; Old Libyan, for example, is found in inscriptions dated as early as 139 bce. Proto-Afroasiatic, sometimes also referred to as Proto-Afrasian, is the reconstructed proto-language from which all modern Afroasiatic languages are descended. There's a lot of chronological overlap between the Iberomaurasians and Proto-Afroasiatic. Father and mother figures would certainly be natural prototypes for gods, due to their huge significance in human culture and development, as far back as one can imagine. Hola, da clic en alguno de nuestros representantes y muy pronto te atenderemos. I'm often pretty skeptical when it comes to Proto-Afro-Asiatic and cognates that are proposed for it. Consider the following:The number six in Proto-Dravidian is caru. *y: adjective suffix: 3. Nara *y: attributive noun and attributive deverbative suffix: 2a. p-Nilotic (p-E. Niloticp-S. Nilotic) Sandawe was regarding a genetic contiguity between the Chadic-speaking peoples from the Central Sahel and several other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups from North Africa, including Ouarzazate . p-Maji Slife-broadening-Afro-Asiatic/Proto Berber Sinnach-fox-Berber Smacht-rule,control-origin unkown Gaelic tapaidh - quick, related to Egyptian n htp (quick) and Armenian shtap. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? p-Heiban
langue babylonienne - Artigos.wiki A TREASURY OF TONGUES 10 Balmir, Guy Claude Black English 12 Bareiro Saguier, Rubn The Indian languages of Latin America 14 Confiant, Raphael and Prudent, L. Flix Creole language of the Caribbean 16 Kedros, Andr When Greek meets Greek 18 Miron, Gaston 'The first one' 19 Bonjour Qubec 19 Pattanayak, Debiprasanna India, a multilingual . With the exception of its Semitic branch, all branches of the Afroasiatic family are . Momo There is no general consensus over the location of the Urheimat, the original homeland from which began the migrations into the present locations of the speakers.. Proto-Afro-Asiatic *di f- and *du T-have the meanings 'to speak' and 'to call'. documentary on the death of the apostles; coles sustainability report 2020; istanbullu gelin ending explained. reflex), (root #723 + *x extend. In contrast to the Indo-European Language Family, about which much research has been done over the past two centuries, relatively little is known about the former Hamito-Semitic Language Family, now known as the Afro-Asiatic Family. Among them are some of the most mythologically-rich cultures in the world - most of Europe (including the Greeks and Romans); northern India; and also the Persians. 15,000 to 10,000 BCE. shared innovation: 'move, take' > 'take hold of'), (Cush., Ch., Eg., Sem. This work provides the first truly comprehensive and systematic reconstruction of proto-Afroasiatic (proto-Afrasian). Answer: Proto-Afroasiatic goes back far earlier than Proto-Indoeuropean, maybe more than 10,000 years ago. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? CLCS 181 Midterm Review Key Terms Part 2 Akh: in Egyptian cosmology, a glorified being of light; after death and with the aid of the proper rituals, the pharaoh's Ka would combine with his Ba, or his unique individual soul, to form the Akh, and climb a stairway to the sun to combat forces of evil and to protect the Egyptians from harm Akhenaton: New Kingdom pharaoh Amonhotep IV who changed . I think it's more likely that both IE and AA adopted their father gods from Sumerian culture if anything. That is practically impossible to answer. Afro-Asiatic languages, also called Afrasian languages, formerly Hamito-Semitic, Semito-Hamitic, or Erythraean languages, languages of common origin found in the northern part of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and some islands and adjacent areas in Western Asia. In lexicostatistical databases, most fields fall into two types: (a) primary language fields, containing the primary wordlist entries for specific languages, (b) note fields, containing notes (such as bibliographical, grammatical . THE AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES. We can only guess.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic - Wikiwand Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Tula-Waja Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the comparative method, which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities.
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